Chapter -2-Natural Vegetation and Wildlife.
Short Note-
Natural Vegetation-It refers to plants community which has grown naturally without human support and has been left undisturbed by human for a long time
Flora-The term flora is used to denote plants of a particular region.
Fauna-The species of animal of a particular region is called fauna.
Relief-These are categoriesed into two type-
1.Land-Natural of land influences the type of vegetation.
2.Soil-Soils vary over spaces. Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation.
Climate-These are categoriesed into there type-
1.Temperature-The character and extent of vegetation are mainly determined by temperature alongwith humidity in air, precipitation and soil.
2.Photoperiod-The variation in duration of sunlight at different places is due to difference in latitude, altitude, season, etc.
3.Precipitation-Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall.
Types of Vegetation
1.Tropical Evergreen Forests-They have heavy rainfall with 200 cm and have great heights of trees upto 60 meters.
2.Thorn Forests and Scrubs-In region with less than 700 cm of rainfall thorny trees and bushes are found.
3.Mangrove Forests-The mangrove tidal forests are foundd in the areas of coasts influenced by tide.
4.Tropical Deciduous Forests-These are the monsoon forests and have rainfall between 200 to 70 cm. Tress of this forests type shed.
5.Montane Forests-In mountainous areas, decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to corressponding change in.
Wildlife
1.India has 89000 of animal species and 1200 species of birds.
2.They Constitute 13% of world's total.
3.There are 12% of world's fish stock.
4.It also shares between 5-8% of world's amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
5.India has fourteen biosphere reserves to protect flora and fauna.
6.Hunting, Pollution, acid deposits and cutting of forests are dangers to India's flora and fauna.
7.Project Tiger, Project Rhino Great India Bustard, e.g. 89 National Parks, 490 Wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens are set to take care of natural heritage.
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